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Research Network Working Paper, 464. Unions and the economic performanceof Brazilian establishments / Naercio Menezes Filho
Título de serie: Research Network Working Paper, 464 Título : Unions and the economic performanceof Brazilian establishments Tipo de documento: texto impreso Autores: Naercio Menezes Filho ; Helio Zylberstajn ; Jose Paulo Chahad ; Elaine Pazello Editorial: Washington : Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo Fecha de publicación: 2002 Número de páginas: 32 p Idioma : Inglés Temas: BANCO INTERAMERICANO DE DESARROLLO
BRASIL
DESARROLLO ECONOMICO
SINDICATOSClasificación: 338.9 Resumen: Using a pooled sample, this paper indicates that unions seem to affect the economic performance of Brazilian establishments, especially in terms of profitability, employment and productivity. Unions tend to reduce profitability, whereas the relationship between union density and productivity, employment and average wages seems to be concave. These performance indicators first rise with union density up to a certain density level (usually about 50 percent) and then start to decline. These results indicate that some unionism may be good for the plants' economic performance, although too much unionism may start having negative effects. En línea: http://idbdocs.iadb.org/wsdocs/getdocument.aspx?docnum=788090 Enlace permanente a este registro: https://opac.um.edu.uy/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=73004 Research Network Working Paper, 464. Unions and the economic performanceof Brazilian establishments [texto impreso] / Naercio Menezes Filho ; Helio Zylberstajn ; Jose Paulo Chahad ; Elaine Pazello . - Washington : Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, 2002 . - 32 p.
Idioma : Inglés
Temas: BANCO INTERAMERICANO DE DESARROLLO
BRASIL
DESARROLLO ECONOMICO
SINDICATOSClasificación: 338.9 Resumen: Using a pooled sample, this paper indicates that unions seem to affect the economic performance of Brazilian establishments, especially in terms of profitability, employment and productivity. Unions tend to reduce profitability, whereas the relationship between union density and productivity, employment and average wages seems to be concave. These performance indicators first rise with union density up to a certain density level (usually about 50 percent) and then start to decline. These results indicate that some unionism may be good for the plants' economic performance, although too much unionism may start having negative effects. En línea: http://idbdocs.iadb.org/wsdocs/getdocument.aspx?docnum=788090 Enlace permanente a este registro: https://opac.um.edu.uy/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=73004 Reserva
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Inventario Ubicación en el estante Tipo de medio Sección Ubicación Estado 038393 338.9 RES v.464 Libro Colección Biblioteca Central Disponible 038400 338.9 RES v.464 Libro Colección Biblioteca Central Disponible Research Network Working Paper, 465. Union density changes and union effects On firm performance in Peru / Jaime Saavedra
Título de serie: Research Network Working Paper, 465 Título : Union density changes and union effects On firm performance in Peru Tipo de documento: texto impreso Autores: Jaime Saavedra ; Máximo Torero Editorial: Washington : Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo Fecha de publicación: 2002 Número de páginas: 41 p Idioma : Inglés Temas: BANCO INTERAMERICANO DE DESARROLLO
EMPRESAS
MODELOS ECONOMICOS
PERU
SINDICATOSClasificación: 338.9 Resumen: The paper documents the sharp reduction in union density in Peru between 1986 and 1998, in a context of large macroeconomic fluctuations, structural reforms and changes in the Collective Bargaining Law in 1993. Using a pseudo panel of household surveys we find which worker and firm characteristics increase the likelihood of unionization in a context in which union density falls sharply. We find that a blue-collar job, a permanent contract, higher education and working in a large firm increase the likelihood of unionization, but only before the legislative change. There is evidence of a breakpoint in the reduction of union density probably related to the 1993 change in the Collective Bargaining Law. Most of the reduction in union density can be explained by within- categories decreases in union density. However, there is a small contribution stemming from the reduction in employment in the highly unionized public sector and from the increase in employment in low union density temporary and small firm employment. Using a panel of firms for the manufacturing sector for the period 1994-1996, we find a negative impact of unions on profits for all firm sizes. Within unionized firms profits are lower the higher the union density within the firm. In the econometric analysis, we find a significant negative effect even after controlling for firm and sector characteristics and firm fixed effects. There is some evidence that this effect diminishes over time, consistent with the reduction in union density during that period, but the reduction is not robust to different specifications. This impact of unions on profits is also negative and significant when we use within-firm union density. Labor productivity is negatively related to having a union in the firm, but the negative effect disappears once we control for firm characteristics. En línea: http://idbdocs.iadb.org/wsdocs/getdocument.aspx?docnum=788091 Enlace permanente a este registro: https://opac.um.edu.uy/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=73012 Research Network Working Paper, 465. Union density changes and union effects On firm performance in Peru [texto impreso] / Jaime Saavedra ; Máximo Torero . - Washington : Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, 2002 . - 41 p.
Idioma : Inglés
Temas: BANCO INTERAMERICANO DE DESARROLLO
EMPRESAS
MODELOS ECONOMICOS
PERU
SINDICATOSClasificación: 338.9 Resumen: The paper documents the sharp reduction in union density in Peru between 1986 and 1998, in a context of large macroeconomic fluctuations, structural reforms and changes in the Collective Bargaining Law in 1993. Using a pseudo panel of household surveys we find which worker and firm characteristics increase the likelihood of unionization in a context in which union density falls sharply. We find that a blue-collar job, a permanent contract, higher education and working in a large firm increase the likelihood of unionization, but only before the legislative change. There is evidence of a breakpoint in the reduction of union density probably related to the 1993 change in the Collective Bargaining Law. Most of the reduction in union density can be explained by within- categories decreases in union density. However, there is a small contribution stemming from the reduction in employment in the highly unionized public sector and from the increase in employment in low union density temporary and small firm employment. Using a panel of firms for the manufacturing sector for the period 1994-1996, we find a negative impact of unions on profits for all firm sizes. Within unionized firms profits are lower the higher the union density within the firm. In the econometric analysis, we find a significant negative effect even after controlling for firm and sector characteristics and firm fixed effects. There is some evidence that this effect diminishes over time, consistent with the reduction in union density during that period, but the reduction is not robust to different specifications. This impact of unions on profits is also negative and significant when we use within-firm union density. Labor productivity is negatively related to having a union in the firm, but the negative effect disappears once we control for firm characteristics. En línea: http://idbdocs.iadb.org/wsdocs/getdocument.aspx?docnum=788091 Enlace permanente a este registro: https://opac.um.edu.uy/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=73012 Reserva
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Inventario Ubicación en el estante Tipo de medio Sección Ubicación Estado 038401 338.9 RES v.465 Libro Colección Biblioteca Central Disponible 038403 338.9 RES v.465 Libro Colección Biblioteca Central Disponible Research Network Working Paper, 466. The economic effects of unions in Latin America / Adriana Cassoni
Título de serie: Research Network Working Paper, 466 Título : The economic effects of unions in Latin America : their impact on wages and the economic performance of firms in Uruguay Tipo de documento: texto impreso Autores: Adriana Cassoni ; Gastón J. Labadie ; Gabriela Fachola Editorial: Washington : Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo Fecha de publicación: 2002 Número de páginas: 49 p Idioma : Inglés Temas: AMERICA LATINA
ASPECTOS ECONOMICOS
BANCO INTERAMERICANO DE DESARROLLO
EMPRESAS
NEGOCIOS
SALARIOS
SINDICATOS
URUGUAYClasificación: 338.9 Resumen: This study examines the impact of unionization and the level of centralization in bargaining, at the level of the industry or the firm, on wages and on the economic performance of firms within the manufacturing sector in Uruguay, using a panel of establishments for the period 1988 to 1995. In doing so, we control for the degree of exposure to international and regional competition as well as for industry and firm characteristics. The main findings suggest that unionization increases wages and employment and promotes investment due to firms substituting labor by capital. Unions tend to organize in those plants with highest rates of profits, but promote increases in productivity and prevent profitability increases. The mechanism at work seems to be that firms moved to more capital-intensive technologies, hence increasing the rate of growth of labor productivity and reducing that of profitability. Given the negative effect of unionization at the industry level on the rate of growth of profitability of firms, results also suggest that unions tended to organize and to be stronger in those sectors in which extra rents were higher due to monopoly power. The evidence also suggests that firm-level negotiations take into account the interests of both parties, so that enhanced productivity and probably survival were achieved together with lower rates of substitution between labor and capital and/or lower profits. En línea: http://idbdocs.iadb.org/wsdocs/getdocument.aspx?docnum=788092 Enlace permanente a este registro: https://opac.um.edu.uy/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=72984 Research Network Working Paper, 466. The economic effects of unions in Latin America : their impact on wages and the economic performance of firms in Uruguay [texto impreso] / Adriana Cassoni ; Gastón J. Labadie ; Gabriela Fachola . - Washington : Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, 2002 . - 49 p.
Idioma : Inglés
Temas: AMERICA LATINA
ASPECTOS ECONOMICOS
BANCO INTERAMERICANO DE DESARROLLO
EMPRESAS
NEGOCIOS
SALARIOS
SINDICATOS
URUGUAYClasificación: 338.9 Resumen: This study examines the impact of unionization and the level of centralization in bargaining, at the level of the industry or the firm, on wages and on the economic performance of firms within the manufacturing sector in Uruguay, using a panel of establishments for the period 1988 to 1995. In doing so, we control for the degree of exposure to international and regional competition as well as for industry and firm characteristics. The main findings suggest that unionization increases wages and employment and promotes investment due to firms substituting labor by capital. Unions tend to organize in those plants with highest rates of profits, but promote increases in productivity and prevent profitability increases. The mechanism at work seems to be that firms moved to more capital-intensive technologies, hence increasing the rate of growth of labor productivity and reducing that of profitability. Given the negative effect of unionization at the industry level on the rate of growth of profitability of firms, results also suggest that unions tended to organize and to be stronger in those sectors in which extra rents were higher due to monopoly power. The evidence also suggests that firm-level negotiations take into account the interests of both parties, so that enhanced productivity and probably survival were achieved together with lower rates of substitution between labor and capital and/or lower profits. En línea: http://idbdocs.iadb.org/wsdocs/getdocument.aspx?docnum=788092 Enlace permanente a este registro: https://opac.um.edu.uy/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=72984 Reserva
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Inventario Ubicación en el estante Tipo de medio Sección Ubicación Estado 038379 338.9 RES v.466 Libro Colección Biblioteca Central Disponible
Título de serie: Research Network Working Paper, 473 Título : The effects of unions on productivity : evidence from large coffee producers in Guatemala Tipo de documento: texto impreso Autores: Carmen Urizar H. ; Sigfrido Lee Editorial: Washington : Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo Fecha de publicación: 2003 Número de páginas: 54 p Idioma : Inglés Temas: BANCO INTERAMERICANO DE DESARROLLO
CAFE
GUATEMALA
MANO DE OBRA
PRODUCCION AGRICOLA
PRODUCTIVIDAD
SINDICATOS
TRABAJADORES AGRICOLASClasificación: 338.9 Resumen: The general perception of unions in the Guatemalan business community has been that they have a negative effect on firms. Although this is a strong statement, there are very few studies of unionization in Guatemala, and most of them are only descriptive. This paper provides an econometric analysis of the impact of unions on productivity in Guatemala, specifically on the production of coffee. Although union density is low, we conclude from the empirical analysis that there is evidence that unions when present have a negative effect on the productivity of large coffee plantations. We use different estimations of a production function and the effect of unions on productivity. The first uses a union dummy and other independent variables, such as a capital proxy, the proportion of administrative and permanent workers, land per worker, total workers, farm elevation above sea level and a union dummy. The second uses these same equations, but with interaction terms between the original variables and the union dummy. The results show that these other variables, when significant, had a positive effect on productivity. The only is total workers, which could be indicating that diseconomies of scale are present. As for the interaction terms, when a union is present, the productivity of variables such as land per worker and height is reduced significantly. Also, it seems that capital has a larger effect on unionized farms productivity than on non-unionized farms. The presence of permanent workers on farms, both in unionized and non-unionized settings, has a negative effect on productivity. En línea: http://idbdocs.iadb.org/wsdocs/getdocument.aspx?docnum=788099 Enlace permanente a este registro: https://opac.um.edu.uy/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=72969 Research Network Working Paper, 473. The effects of unions on productivity : evidence from large coffee producers in Guatemala [texto impreso] / Carmen Urizar H. ; Sigfrido Lee . - Washington : Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, 2003 . - 54 p.
Idioma : Inglés
Temas: BANCO INTERAMERICANO DE DESARROLLO
CAFE
GUATEMALA
MANO DE OBRA
PRODUCCION AGRICOLA
PRODUCTIVIDAD
SINDICATOS
TRABAJADORES AGRICOLASClasificación: 338.9 Resumen: The general perception of unions in the Guatemalan business community has been that they have a negative effect on firms. Although this is a strong statement, there are very few studies of unionization in Guatemala, and most of them are only descriptive. This paper provides an econometric analysis of the impact of unions on productivity in Guatemala, specifically on the production of coffee. Although union density is low, we conclude from the empirical analysis that there is evidence that unions when present have a negative effect on the productivity of large coffee plantations. We use different estimations of a production function and the effect of unions on productivity. The first uses a union dummy and other independent variables, such as a capital proxy, the proportion of administrative and permanent workers, land per worker, total workers, farm elevation above sea level and a union dummy. The second uses these same equations, but with interaction terms between the original variables and the union dummy. The results show that these other variables, when significant, had a positive effect on productivity. The only is total workers, which could be indicating that diseconomies of scale are present. As for the interaction terms, when a union is present, the productivity of variables such as land per worker and height is reduced significantly. Also, it seems that capital has a larger effect on unionized farms productivity than on non-unionized farms. The presence of permanent workers on farms, both in unionized and non-unionized settings, has a negative effect on productivity. En línea: http://idbdocs.iadb.org/wsdocs/getdocument.aspx?docnum=788099 Enlace permanente a este registro: https://opac.um.edu.uy/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=72969 Reserva
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Inventario Ubicación en el estante Tipo de medio Sección Ubicación Estado 038370 338.9 RES v.473 Libro Colección Biblioteca Central Disponible Research Network Working Paper, 474. Teacher unionization and the quality of education in Peru / Eduardo Zegarra
Título de serie: Research Network Working Paper, 474 Título : Teacher unionization and the quality of education in Peru : an empirical evaluation using survey data Tipo de documento: texto impreso Autores: Eduardo Zegarra ; Renato Ravina Editorial: Washington : Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo Fecha de publicación: 2003 Número de páginas: 35 p Idioma : Inglés Temas: BANCO INTERAMERICANO DE DESARROLLO
CALIDAD DE LA EDUCACION
DOCENTES
EDUCACION
EVALUACION
PERU
SINDICATOSClasificación: 338.9 Resumen: This paper analyzes the evolution and current profile of teacher unionization and estimate the impact of unionization on the quality of public education in Peru. The research uses data from a 1999 household survey (ENAHO) and from a recent evaluation of a public program oriented to improve the quality of Peruvian public education. Regarding the evolution of unionization, there is evidence compatible with the hypothesis that the rate of teacher unionization has dropped during the last three decades, but especially during the 1990s, due basically to the hiring of temporary teachers. With respect to the profile of unionization, it is found that unionized teachers are older and more experienced, and that males are more common in the union membership. There is no empirical evidence that unionized teachers enjoy better access to educational infrastructure at the polidocente (larger) schools, but they do have better access at the multigrado (intermediate) schools. For the impact of unionization on quality, Hoxby’s production function model was adapted to the Peruvian case, in which public education is centralized and in which teachers do not have major influence on the education budget at the school or district levels. The model is estimated to test whether unionization has an impact on teachers’ effort and student achievement, but there is no empirical support for these hypotheses. The data indicate that unionization does not currently seem to be a major factor affecting the quality of educational services in the Peruvian public education system. En línea: http://idbdocs.iadb.org/wsdocs/getdocument.aspx?docnum=788100 Enlace permanente a este registro: https://opac.um.edu.uy/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=72967 Research Network Working Paper, 474. Teacher unionization and the quality of education in Peru : an empirical evaluation using survey data [texto impreso] / Eduardo Zegarra ; Renato Ravina . - Washington : Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, 2003 . - 35 p.
Idioma : Inglés
Temas: BANCO INTERAMERICANO DE DESARROLLO
CALIDAD DE LA EDUCACION
DOCENTES
EDUCACION
EVALUACION
PERU
SINDICATOSClasificación: 338.9 Resumen: This paper analyzes the evolution and current profile of teacher unionization and estimate the impact of unionization on the quality of public education in Peru. The research uses data from a 1999 household survey (ENAHO) and from a recent evaluation of a public program oriented to improve the quality of Peruvian public education. Regarding the evolution of unionization, there is evidence compatible with the hypothesis that the rate of teacher unionization has dropped during the last three decades, but especially during the 1990s, due basically to the hiring of temporary teachers. With respect to the profile of unionization, it is found that unionized teachers are older and more experienced, and that males are more common in the union membership. There is no empirical evidence that unionized teachers enjoy better access to educational infrastructure at the polidocente (larger) schools, but they do have better access at the multigrado (intermediate) schools. For the impact of unionization on quality, Hoxby’s production function model was adapted to the Peruvian case, in which public education is centralized and in which teachers do not have major influence on the education budget at the school or district levels. The model is estimated to test whether unionization has an impact on teachers’ effort and student achievement, but there is no empirical support for these hypotheses. The data indicate that unionization does not currently seem to be a major factor affecting the quality of educational services in the Peruvian public education system. En línea: http://idbdocs.iadb.org/wsdocs/getdocument.aspx?docnum=788100 Enlace permanente a este registro: https://opac.um.edu.uy/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=72967 Reserva
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