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Documentos en la biblioteca con la clasificación 338.9
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Research Network Working Paper, 474. Teacher unionization and the quality of education in Peru / Eduardo Zegarra
Título de serie: Research Network Working Paper, 474 Título : Teacher unionization and the quality of education in Peru : an empirical evaluation using survey data Tipo de documento: texto impreso Autores: Eduardo Zegarra ; Renato Ravina Editorial: Washington : Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo Fecha de publicación: 2003 Número de páginas: 35 p Idioma : Inglés Temas: BANCO INTERAMERICANO DE DESARROLLO
CALIDAD DE LA EDUCACION
DOCENTES
EDUCACION
EVALUACION
PERU
SINDICATOSClasificación: 338.9 Resumen: This paper analyzes the evolution and current profile of teacher unionization and estimate the impact of unionization on the quality of public education in Peru. The research uses data from a 1999 household survey (ENAHO) and from a recent evaluation of a public program oriented to improve the quality of Peruvian public education. Regarding the evolution of unionization, there is evidence compatible with the hypothesis that the rate of teacher unionization has dropped during the last three decades, but especially during the 1990s, due basically to the hiring of temporary teachers. With respect to the profile of unionization, it is found that unionized teachers are older and more experienced, and that males are more common in the union membership. There is no empirical evidence that unionized teachers enjoy better access to educational infrastructure at the polidocente (larger) schools, but they do have better access at the multigrado (intermediate) schools. For the impact of unionization on quality, Hoxby’s production function model was adapted to the Peruvian case, in which public education is centralized and in which teachers do not have major influence on the education budget at the school or district levels. The model is estimated to test whether unionization has an impact on teachers’ effort and student achievement, but there is no empirical support for these hypotheses. The data indicate that unionization does not currently seem to be a major factor affecting the quality of educational services in the Peruvian public education system. En línea: http://idbdocs.iadb.org/wsdocs/getdocument.aspx?docnum=788100 Enlace permanente a este registro: https://opac.um.edu.uy/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=72967 Research Network Working Paper, 474. Teacher unionization and the quality of education in Peru : an empirical evaluation using survey data [texto impreso] / Eduardo Zegarra ; Renato Ravina . - Washington : Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, 2003 . - 35 p.
Idioma : Inglés
Temas: BANCO INTERAMERICANO DE DESARROLLO
CALIDAD DE LA EDUCACION
DOCENTES
EDUCACION
EVALUACION
PERU
SINDICATOSClasificación: 338.9 Resumen: This paper analyzes the evolution and current profile of teacher unionization and estimate the impact of unionization on the quality of public education in Peru. The research uses data from a 1999 household survey (ENAHO) and from a recent evaluation of a public program oriented to improve the quality of Peruvian public education. Regarding the evolution of unionization, there is evidence compatible with the hypothesis that the rate of teacher unionization has dropped during the last three decades, but especially during the 1990s, due basically to the hiring of temporary teachers. With respect to the profile of unionization, it is found that unionized teachers are older and more experienced, and that males are more common in the union membership. There is no empirical evidence that unionized teachers enjoy better access to educational infrastructure at the polidocente (larger) schools, but they do have better access at the multigrado (intermediate) schools. For the impact of unionization on quality, Hoxby’s production function model was adapted to the Peruvian case, in which public education is centralized and in which teachers do not have major influence on the education budget at the school or district levels. The model is estimated to test whether unionization has an impact on teachers’ effort and student achievement, but there is no empirical support for these hypotheses. The data indicate that unionization does not currently seem to be a major factor affecting the quality of educational services in the Peruvian public education system. En línea: http://idbdocs.iadb.org/wsdocs/getdocument.aspx?docnum=788100 Enlace permanente a este registro: https://opac.um.edu.uy/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=72967 Reserva
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Inventario Ubicación en el estante Tipo de medio Sección Ubicación Estado 038368 338.9 RES v.474 Libro Colección Biblioteca Central Disponible Research Network Working Paper, 475. Bailouts in Costa Rica as a result of government centralization and discretionary transfers / Luis J. Hall
Título de serie: Research Network Working Paper, 475 Título : Bailouts in Costa Rica as a result of government centralization and discretionary transfers Tipo de documento: texto impreso Autores: Luis J. Hall ; Gilberto E. Arce ; Alexander Monge N. Editorial: Washington : Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo Fecha de publicación: 2002 Número de páginas: 50 p Idioma : Inglés Temas: ASPECTOS FISCALES
BANCO INTERAMERICANO DE DESARROLLO
COSTA RICA
DEUDA PUBLICA
GOBIERNO
GOBIERNO LOCALClasificación: 338.9 Resumen: This paper investigates the inter-relation between the central government and the municipalities in Costa Rica. It examines episodes in which the central government has bailed out the local governments from their obligations. We employ empirical and descriptive methods to show how discretionary grants relate to the degree of fiscal discipline of the municipality to produce hidden bailouts. Political, demographic, and economic variables explain the allocation of these discretionary transfers. We illustrate the effects of the high concentration of decision-making of the central government on the fiscal performance of the municipalities. The municipalities play a limited role and its functioning largely depends upon the central government. We argue that the national administration would face a high political cost if it did not bail out the local government in several of the episodes studied. Using panel data from 1982-1997 on 81 cantones, we find that the fiscal effort of the local government is reduced by the presence of discretionary grants. The local governments finance local expenses with these discretionary transfers according to our empirical results. As expected from the centralization issue, political variables such as the affiliation of the local administration have significant effects on the resources received by the municipalities. En línea: http://idbdocs.iadb.org/wsdocs/getdocument.aspx?docnum=788101 Enlace permanente a este registro: https://opac.um.edu.uy/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=72968 Research Network Working Paper, 475. Bailouts in Costa Rica as a result of government centralization and discretionary transfers [texto impreso] / Luis J. Hall ; Gilberto E. Arce ; Alexander Monge N. . - Washington : Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, 2002 . - 50 p.
Idioma : Inglés
Temas: ASPECTOS FISCALES
BANCO INTERAMERICANO DE DESARROLLO
COSTA RICA
DEUDA PUBLICA
GOBIERNO
GOBIERNO LOCALClasificación: 338.9 Resumen: This paper investigates the inter-relation between the central government and the municipalities in Costa Rica. It examines episodes in which the central government has bailed out the local governments from their obligations. We employ empirical and descriptive methods to show how discretionary grants relate to the degree of fiscal discipline of the municipality to produce hidden bailouts. Political, demographic, and economic variables explain the allocation of these discretionary transfers. We illustrate the effects of the high concentration of decision-making of the central government on the fiscal performance of the municipalities. The municipalities play a limited role and its functioning largely depends upon the central government. We argue that the national administration would face a high political cost if it did not bail out the local government in several of the episodes studied. Using panel data from 1982-1997 on 81 cantones, we find that the fiscal effort of the local government is reduced by the presence of discretionary grants. The local governments finance local expenses with these discretionary transfers according to our empirical results. As expected from the centralization issue, political variables such as the affiliation of the local administration have significant effects on the resources received by the municipalities. En línea: http://idbdocs.iadb.org/wsdocs/getdocument.aspx?docnum=788101 Enlace permanente a este registro: https://opac.um.edu.uy/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=72968 Reserva
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Inventario Ubicación en el estante Tipo de medio Sección Ubicación Estado 038369 338.9 RES v.475 Libro Colección Biblioteca Central Disponible Research Network Working Paper, 479. The impact of trade liberalization on employment, capital, and productivity dynamics / Carlos Casacuberta
Título de serie: Research Network Working Paper, 479 Título : The impact of trade liberalization on employment, capital, and productivity dynamics : evidence from the Uruguayan manufacturing sector Tipo de documento: texto impreso Autores: Carlos Casacuberta ; Gabriela Fachola ; Néstor Gandelman Editorial: Washington : Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo Fecha de publicación: 2004 Número de páginas: 42 p Idioma : Inglés Temas: BANCO INTERAMERICANO DE DESARROLLO
COMERCIO
EMPLEO
PRODUCCION INDUSTRIAL
PRODUCTIVIDAD
SECTOR MANUFACTURERO
URUGUAYClasificación: 338.9 Resumen: This paper studies the impact of trade liberalization on labor and capital gross flows and productivity in the Uruguayan manufacturing sector. Uruguay opened its economy in the presence of -at least initially- strong unions and structurally different industry concentration levels. Higher international exposure implied slightly higher job creation and an important increase in job and capital destruction. Unions were able to dampen this effect. Although not associated with higher creation rates, unions were effective in reducing job and capital destruction. Industry concentration also was found to mitigate the destruction of jobs but had no effect on job creation or capital dynamics. The changes in the use of labor and capital were accompanied by an increase in total factor productivity, especially in sectors where tariff reductions were larger and unions were not present. The authors found no evidence of varying productivity dynamics across different industry concentration levels. En línea: http://idbdocs.iadb.org/wsdocs/getdocument.aspx?docnum=788103 Enlace permanente a este registro: https://opac.um.edu.uy/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=72909 Research Network Working Paper, 479. The impact of trade liberalization on employment, capital, and productivity dynamics : evidence from the Uruguayan manufacturing sector [texto impreso] / Carlos Casacuberta ; Gabriela Fachola ; Néstor Gandelman . - Washington : Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, 2004 . - 42 p.
Idioma : Inglés
Temas: BANCO INTERAMERICANO DE DESARROLLO
COMERCIO
EMPLEO
PRODUCCION INDUSTRIAL
PRODUCTIVIDAD
SECTOR MANUFACTURERO
URUGUAYClasificación: 338.9 Resumen: This paper studies the impact of trade liberalization on labor and capital gross flows and productivity in the Uruguayan manufacturing sector. Uruguay opened its economy in the presence of -at least initially- strong unions and structurally different industry concentration levels. Higher international exposure implied slightly higher job creation and an important increase in job and capital destruction. Unions were able to dampen this effect. Although not associated with higher creation rates, unions were effective in reducing job and capital destruction. Industry concentration also was found to mitigate the destruction of jobs but had no effect on job creation or capital dynamics. The changes in the use of labor and capital were accompanied by an increase in total factor productivity, especially in sectors where tariff reductions were larger and unions were not present. The authors found no evidence of varying productivity dynamics across different industry concentration levels. En línea: http://idbdocs.iadb.org/wsdocs/getdocument.aspx?docnum=788103 Enlace permanente a este registro: https://opac.um.edu.uy/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=72909 Reserva
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Inventario Ubicación en el estante Tipo de medio Sección Ubicación Estado 038335 338.9 RES v.479 Libro Colección Biblioteca Central Disponible Research Network Working Paper, 480. The elasticity of substitution in demand for non-tradable goods in Uruguay / Fernando Lorenzo
Título de serie: Research Network Working Paper, 480 Título : The elasticity of substitution in demand for non-tradable goods in Uruguay : a cross-section analysis Tipo de documento: texto impreso Autores: Fernando Lorenzo ; Diego Aboal ; Rosa Osimani Editorial: Washington : Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo Fecha de publicación: 2005 Número de páginas: 53 p Idioma : Inglés Temas: BANCO INTERAMERICANO DE DESARROLLO
ECONOMIA
PRODUCTOS
URUGUAYClasificación: 338.9 Resumen: This paper's main goal is to estimate the elasticity of substitution of non-tradable goods, paying special attention to empirical problems related to time-varying parameters, missing regressors and model misspecification. To that end, the paper creates a database and estimates, via three alternative methods, quarterly series of consumption and prices of tradable and non-tradable goods for Uruguay for the period 1983-2002. The econometric estimations of the parameter of interest were performed with VEC models. These estimates give a long-run elasticity of substitution of %0.46 in the principal model and %0.71 and %0.75 in the two alternative models. Parametric stability tests are performed on the principal model, and the predictive ability of the model is also tested. It is concluded that, not only is the parameter of interest stable over time, but the model also has good predictive properties, even when tested in a very demanding environment: the period following Uruguay's change of exchange rate regime in mid-2002. En línea: http://idbdocs.iadb.org/wsdocs/getdocument.aspx?docnum=788104 Enlace permanente a este registro: https://opac.um.edu.uy/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=72930 Research Network Working Paper, 480. The elasticity of substitution in demand for non-tradable goods in Uruguay : a cross-section analysis [texto impreso] / Fernando Lorenzo ; Diego Aboal ; Rosa Osimani . - Washington : Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, 2005 . - 53 p.
Idioma : Inglés
Temas: BANCO INTERAMERICANO DE DESARROLLO
ECONOMIA
PRODUCTOS
URUGUAYClasificación: 338.9 Resumen: This paper's main goal is to estimate the elasticity of substitution of non-tradable goods, paying special attention to empirical problems related to time-varying parameters, missing regressors and model misspecification. To that end, the paper creates a database and estimates, via three alternative methods, quarterly series of consumption and prices of tradable and non-tradable goods for Uruguay for the period 1983-2002. The econometric estimations of the parameter of interest were performed with VEC models. These estimates give a long-run elasticity of substitution of %0.46 in the principal model and %0.71 and %0.75 in the two alternative models. Parametric stability tests are performed on the principal model, and the predictive ability of the model is also tested. It is concluded that, not only is the parameter of interest stable over time, but the model also has good predictive properties, even when tested in a very demanding environment: the period following Uruguay's change of exchange rate regime in mid-2002. En línea: http://idbdocs.iadb.org/wsdocs/getdocument.aspx?docnum=788104 Enlace permanente a este registro: https://opac.um.edu.uy/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=72930 Reserva
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Inventario Ubicación en el estante Tipo de medio Sección Ubicación Estado 038350 338.9 RES v.480 Libro Colección Biblioteca Central Disponible
Título de serie: Research Network Working Paper, 481 Título : Peruvian privatization : impacts on firm performance Tipo de documento: texto impreso Autores: Máximo Torero Editorial: Washington : Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo Fecha de publicación: 2003 Número de páginas: 74 p Idioma : Inglés Temas: BANCO INTERAMERICANO DE DESARROLLO
EMPLEO
EVALUACION
PERU
PRIVATIZACIONClasificación: 338.9 Resumen: In the nearly ten years since Peru privatized major State Owned Enterprises (SOEs), the overall impact of the process is not yet clear. This paper analyzes the impact of privatization through a detailed statistical and econometric analysis of first difference (the difference between pre- and post-privatization performance), and second difference (change in performance of privatized firms relative to the change in performance of SOEs) of several indicators on profitability, operating efficiency, employment, leverage and convergence. The results, which showed that privately owned firms are more efficient and more profitable than otherwise comparable state owned firms, were consistent with previous literature. In the case of the most competitive sector, the financial system, the newly privatized banks converged towards the leading private banks over time. While the impact of privatization on employment is negative in the short-run, there are more positive impacts in the long term, especially since SOEs traditionally hire employees for political rather than technical reasons. This paper demonstrates that, as the result of privatization, there is a significant increase in indirect employment through services and significant growth of total employment—both direct and indirect. En línea: http://idbdocs.iadb.org/wsdocs/getdocument.aspx?docnum=788105 Enlace permanente a este registro: https://opac.um.edu.uy/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=72963 Research Network Working Paper, 481. Peruvian privatization : impacts on firm performance [texto impreso] / Máximo Torero . - Washington : Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, 2003 . - 74 p.
Idioma : Inglés
Temas: BANCO INTERAMERICANO DE DESARROLLO
EMPLEO
EVALUACION
PERU
PRIVATIZACIONClasificación: 338.9 Resumen: In the nearly ten years since Peru privatized major State Owned Enterprises (SOEs), the overall impact of the process is not yet clear. This paper analyzes the impact of privatization through a detailed statistical and econometric analysis of first difference (the difference between pre- and post-privatization performance), and second difference (change in performance of privatized firms relative to the change in performance of SOEs) of several indicators on profitability, operating efficiency, employment, leverage and convergence. The results, which showed that privately owned firms are more efficient and more profitable than otherwise comparable state owned firms, were consistent with previous literature. In the case of the most competitive sector, the financial system, the newly privatized banks converged towards the leading private banks over time. While the impact of privatization on employment is negative in the short-run, there are more positive impacts in the long term, especially since SOEs traditionally hire employees for political rather than technical reasons. This paper demonstrates that, as the result of privatization, there is a significant increase in indirect employment through services and significant growth of total employment—both direct and indirect. En línea: http://idbdocs.iadb.org/wsdocs/getdocument.aspx?docnum=788105 Enlace permanente a este registro: https://opac.um.edu.uy/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=72963 Reserva
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